Journal: NeuroSci

Article Title: The Knockout of Protocadherin Gamma C3 (PCDHGC3) in Breast Cancer and Melanoma Cell Lines Leads to Increased Adhesion of Knockout Cells to Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

doi: 10.3390/neurosci7020047

Figure Lengend Snippet: Generation of PCDHGC3 knockout in breast cancer and melanoma cell lines. Western blot analysis of wild type (WT), control (C; transfected with the PCDH2 HDR Plasmid (h2) containing a puromycin resistance gene) and knockout (KO) HCC1806 breast cancer cell line ( a ) and A2058 melanoma cell line ( b ). β-Actin served as an endogenous control.

Article Snippet: Triple-negative breast cancer cell line HCC1806 (CRL-2335, ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) was cultured in RPMI medium (R7509-500ML, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) containing 10% FCS, L-glutamine and penicillin/streptomycin.

Techniques: Knock-Out, Western Blot, Control, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation

Journal: NeuroSci

Article Title: The Knockout of Protocadherin Gamma C3 (PCDHGC3) in Breast Cancer and Melanoma Cell Lines Leads to Increased Adhesion of Knockout Cells to Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

doi: 10.3390/neurosci7020047

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cell proliferation assay in control and PCDHGC3 knockout cells. Proliferation rate of control and PCDHGC3 knockout (KO) HCC1806 breast cancer cells ( a ) and of control and PCDHGC3 KO A2058 melanoma cells ( b ). **** = p < 0.0001, unpaired t test.

Article Snippet: Triple-negative breast cancer cell line HCC1806 (CRL-2335, ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) was cultured in RPMI medium (R7509-500ML, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) containing 10% FCS, L-glutamine and penicillin/streptomycin.

Techniques: Proliferation Assay, Control, Knock-Out

Journal: NeuroSci

Article Title: The Knockout of Protocadherin Gamma C3 (PCDHGC3) in Breast Cancer and Melanoma Cell Lines Leads to Increased Adhesion of Knockout Cells to Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

doi: 10.3390/neurosci7020047

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relative adhesion of PCDHGC3 knockout breast cancer and melanoma cells to human in vitro BBB models. Adhesion measurements of HCC1806 PCDHGC3 knockout (KO) and control cells to hCMEC/D3 ( a ) and BLECs ( b ) after 30, 60, and 120 min. Adhesion measurements of A2058 PCDHGC3 knockout (KO) and control cells to hCMEC/D3 ( c ) and BLECs ( d ) after 30, 60, and 120 min. Control cell adhesion was measured at each time point; however, for clarity, only the measurement after 30 min is shown. Data are presented as mean relative adhesion versus control with standard deviation, **** = p ≤ 0.0001, one-way ANOVA test.

Article Snippet: Triple-negative breast cancer cell line HCC1806 (CRL-2335, ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) was cultured in RPMI medium (R7509-500ML, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) containing 10% FCS, L-glutamine and penicillin/streptomycin.

Techniques: Knock-Out, In Vitro, Control, Standard Deviation

Journal: NeuroSci

Article Title: The Knockout of Protocadherin Gamma C3 (PCDHGC3) in Breast Cancer and Melanoma Cell Lines Leads to Increased Adhesion of Knockout Cells to Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

doi: 10.3390/neurosci7020047

Figure Lengend Snippet: PCDHGC3 KO leads to stronger invasion of PCDHGC3 knockout breast cancer and melanoma cells. HCC1806 PCDHGC3 knockout (KO) and control cells ( a ) and A2058 PCDHGC3 knockout (KO) and control ( b ) invaded for 48 h through Transwells coated with Matrigel. The number of invaded cells is shown. Data are presented as mean cell number with standard deviation, * = p ≤ 0.05, unpaired t -test.

Article Snippet: Triple-negative breast cancer cell line HCC1806 (CRL-2335, ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) was cultured in RPMI medium (R7509-500ML, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) containing 10% FCS, L-glutamine and penicillin/streptomycin.

Techniques: Knock-Out, Control, Standard Deviation

Journal: NeuroSci

Article Title: The Knockout of Protocadherin Gamma C3 (PCDHGC3) in Breast Cancer and Melanoma Cell Lines Leads to Increased Adhesion of Knockout Cells to Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

doi: 10.3390/neurosci7020047

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relative expression of target genes in PCDHGC3 KO breast cancer and melanoma cells. The relative expression (RQ value) of each target in PCDHGC3 KO HCC1806 ( a ) and PCDHGC3 KO A2058 ( b ) cells relative to control cells is shown. A RQ value < 1.0 indicates decreased expression, a RQ value > 1.0 indicates increased expression compared to the control cells. The means with standard deviation are shown as the fold of the control. * = p ≤ 0.05, ** = p ≤ 0.01, *** = p ≤ 0.001, **** = p ≤ 0.0001, unpaired t -test.

Article Snippet: Triple-negative breast cancer cell line HCC1806 (CRL-2335, ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) was cultured in RPMI medium (R7509-500ML, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) containing 10% FCS, L-glutamine and penicillin/streptomycin.

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Standard Deviation

Journal: NeuroSci

Article Title: The Knockout of Protocadherin Gamma C3 (PCDHGC3) in Breast Cancer and Melanoma Cell Lines Leads to Increased Adhesion of Knockout Cells to Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

doi: 10.3390/neurosci7020047

Figure Lengend Snippet: Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in cell culture medium of PCDHGC3 knockout (KO) breast cancer and melanoma cells. Fluorescence signal of MMP-substrate (SB) cleavage in the cell culture medium of PCDHGC3 KO HCC1806 ( a ) and PCDHGC3 KO A2058 ( b ) cells and control cells is expressed as relative fluorescence units (RFU) ± standard deviation. ** = p < 0.01, *** = p < 0.001, unpaired t test.

Article Snippet: Triple-negative breast cancer cell line HCC1806 (CRL-2335, ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) was cultured in RPMI medium (R7509-500ML, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) containing 10% FCS, L-glutamine and penicillin/streptomycin.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Cell Culture, Knock-Out, Fluorescence, Control, Standard Deviation

Journal: Cancer Research

Article Title: ACSL5 Mediates Adaptation to the Palmitic Acid–Enriched Pulmonary Microenvironment to Enhance Metastatic Breast Cancer Cell Survival and Lung Metastasis

doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-25-0866

Figure Lengend Snippet: ACSL5 is highly expressed in lung metastatic breast cancer cells and fostered lung metastasis. A, Eight metabolism-related genes are commonly upregulated in lung metastatic breast cancer cells. B, Western blotting was used to evaluate ACSL5 protein levels in primary tumor cells (PRI) and organ-specific derivatives (left), as well as in the lung metastatic derivatives (right) of MDA-MB-231. LM1, the first generation of lung metastasis; LM2, the second generation of lung metastasis; LM3, the third generation of lung metastasis, breast cancer cells with lung-preferential metastasis. C and D, Representative images ( C ) and quantification ( D ) of IHC of ACSL5 protein levels in primary tumors (PRI) and lung metastases of patients with breast cancer ( n = 7). E, ACSL5 mRNA levels in lung, liver, brain, and bone metastases of patients with breast cancer ( GSE14020 ). F, Kaplan–Meier survival curves for overall survival of patients with breast cancer with low and high ACSL5 mRNA levels ( GSE14020 ). G, Representative images of BLI. BALB/c nude mice were injected with MDA-MB-231 and HCC1806 cells. BALB/c mice were injected with 4T1 cells. All data represent the mean ± SD. Student t test ( D ), Kruskal–Wallis test ( E ) and log-rank test ( F ) were utilized. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: Triple-negative breast cancer cell lines 4T1, MDA-MB-231, and HCC1806 and mouse alveolar epithelial cell line MLE-12 were purchased from the ATCC.

Techniques: Western Blot, Injection

Journal: Frontiers in Oncology

Article Title: Eprenetapopt in combination with carboplatin in high-grade ovarian and triple negative breast cancer cell lines with acquired resistance to olaparib

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1754873

Figure Lengend Snippet: Increased dose exposure to olaparib induces acquired resistance in TNBC and HGSOC cell lines. (A) Viability assay of MDA-MB-231 (blue) versus MDA-MB-231-R (red) upon exposure to increasing doses of olaparib for 72h. (B) Viability assay of PEO1 (blue) versus PEO1-R (red) upon exposure to increasing doses of olaparib for 72h. (C) Viability assay of Kuramochi (blue) versus Kuramochi-R (red) upon exposure to increasing doses of olaparib for 72h. Each point represents mean ± SEM of n = 3 biological replicates with at least three technical replicates for each point. All conditions were analyzed by a nonlinear regression model and p value below 0.05 was considered statistically significant. (D) IC50 values in sensitive vs resistance lines.

Article Snippet: The human triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (HTB-26, ATCC).

Techniques: Viability Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Oncology

Article Title: Eprenetapopt in combination with carboplatin in high-grade ovarian and triple negative breast cancer cell lines with acquired resistance to olaparib

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1754873

Figure Lengend Snippet: Olaparib-resistant TNBC and HGSOC cell lines show cross-resistance to carboplatin. (A) Viability assay of MDA-MB-231 (blue) versus MDA-MB-231-R (red) upon exposure to increasing doses of carboplatin for 72h. (B) Viability assay of PEO1 (blue) versus PEO1-R (red) upon exposure to increasing doses of carboplatin for 72h. (C) Viability assay of Kuramochi (blue) versus Kuramochi-R (red) upon exposure to increasing doses of carboplatin for 72h. Each point represents mean ± SEM of n = 3 biological replicates with at least three technical replicates for each point. All conditions were analyzed by a nonlinear regression model and p value below 0.05 was considered statistically significant. (D) IC50 values in sensitive vs resistance lines.

Article Snippet: The human triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (HTB-26, ATCC).

Techniques: Viability Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Oncology

Article Title: Eprenetapopt in combination with carboplatin in high-grade ovarian and triple negative breast cancer cell lines with acquired resistance to olaparib

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1754873

Figure Lengend Snippet: Chou−Talalay analyses demonstrate a synergistic interaction (CI<1) of carboplatin + eprenetapopt in both parental and resistant cell TNBC and HGSOC cell lines. (A) (Top) Dispersion graph showing the combination Index (CI) of Chou-Talalay synergism analyses in MDA-MB-231 (blue) versus MDA-MB-231-R (red) upon exposure to increasing doses of carboplatin + eprenetapopt for 72h and (bottom) table summarizing the main Chou-Talalay results (B) (Top) Dispersion graph showing the combination Index (CI) of Chou-Talalay synergism analyses in PEO1 (blue) versus PEO1-R (red) upon exposure to increasing doses of carboplatin + eprenetapopt for 72h and (bottom) table summarizing the main Chou-Talalay results. (C) (Top) Dispersion graph showing the combination Index (CI) of Chou-Talalay synergism analyses in Kuramochi (blue) versus Kuramochi-R (red) upon exposure to increasing doses of carboplatin + eprenetapopt for 72h and (bottom) table summarizing the main Chou-Talalay results.

Article Snippet: The human triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (HTB-26, ATCC).

Techniques: Dispersion

Journal: Frontiers in Oncology

Article Title: Eprenetapopt in combination with carboplatin in high-grade ovarian and triple negative breast cancer cell lines with acquired resistance to olaparib

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1754873

Figure Lengend Snippet: Eprenetapopt and carboplatin do not produce a consistent increase in apoptosis levels of TNBC and HGSOC olaparib-resistant cell lines. Bar graphs showing the percentage of apoptotic cells upon flow cytometry analyses in untreated cell lines (CNT) and after treating cells with the concentration corresponding to the IC 50 value for their respective parental cell lines for each tretament: eprenetapopt monotherapy (APR) (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231-R 20 μM, Kuramochi and Kuramochi-R 20 μM and PEO1 and PEO1-R 15 μM), carboplatin monotherapy (CBP) (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231-R 400 μM, Kuramochi and Kuramochi-R 70 μM and PEO1 and PEO1-R 60 μM), and eprenetapopt + carboplatin combination treatment (COMBO) (combination of the previously cited doses of eprenetapopt and carboplatin for each cell line), for 72h in (A) MDA-MB-231, (B) MDA-MB-231-R, (C) PEO1, (D) PEO1-R, (E) Kuramochi and (F) Kuramochi-R cell lines. Bar graphs represent the mean ± SEM of n = 3 biological replicates. One-way ANOVA was used to assess differences between all conditions. *p< 0.05, **p< 0.01, ***p< 0.001, ****p< 0.0001.

Article Snippet: The human triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (HTB-26, ATCC).

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Concentration Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Oncology

Article Title: Eprenetapopt in combination with carboplatin in high-grade ovarian and triple negative breast cancer cell lines with acquired resistance to olaparib

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1754873

Figure Lengend Snippet: Eprenetapopt + carboplatin or carboplatin monotherapy induce an arrest in S or G2/M phase in the HGSOC and TNBC cell lines. Percentage of cell events detected by flow cytometry in untreated cell lines (CNT) and after treating cells with the concentration corresponding to the IC50 value for their respective parental cell lines for each tretament: eprenetapopt monotherapy (APR) (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231-R 20 μM, Kuramochi and Kuramochi-R 20 μM and PEO1 and PEO1-R 15 μM), carboplatin monotherapy (CBP) (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231-R 400 μM, Kuramochi and Kuramochi-R 70 μM and PEO1 and PEO1-R 60 μM), and eprenetapopt + carboplatin combination treatment (COMBO) (combination of the previously cited doses of eprenetapopt and carboplatin for each cell line), for 72h in (A) MDA-MB-231, (B) MDA-MB-231-R, (C) PEO1, (D) PEO1-R, (E) Kuramochi, (F) Kuramochi-R. Bar graphs represent the mean ± SEM of n = 3 biological replicates. One-way ANOVA was used to assess differences between all conditions. *p< 0.05, **p< 0.01, ***p< 0.001, ****p< 0.0001.

Article Snippet: The human triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (HTB-26, ATCC).

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Concentration Assay